Clock Timing
Most Digital circuit require precise timing to function properly. Usually a clock circuit that
generate a series of high and low pulses at a fixed frequency. the clock is also used to push a bit
of data through Digital circuitry. the period of clock pulse is related to its frequency by T=1/F.
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Serial Transmission
(picture from Google)
binary information can be transmitted from one location to another in a day serial or parallel manner.
the serial format uses a single electrical conductor for data transfer each bit from the binary number
occupies a separate clock period. with the change from one bit to another acquiring at each ruling or
knowledge hunter.
in computer system serial communications are used to transfer data between two computer
of keyboard and computer.
Parallel Transmission
(Picture from Google)
parallel transmission uses separate conductor for each bit. in parallel transmission the entire word will
send in one clock cycle not eight clock cycles sau parallel transmission is eight time faster than serial
transmission.
It uses multilayer data and control bus to transmit data and control instructions between one
microprocessor to another microprocessorSerial transmission is usually considered slower but slightly
more accurate, especially with longer cables. Data is usually sent in a “line” one after another.
Parallel transmission (traditionally) had 8 simultaneous pieces of data going at the SAME TIME which
made it faster but needed to be “synced” to work, so cables needed to be shorter to avoid issues.
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Why is serial transmission more ideal for sending data over large distances than parallel transmission?
Crosstalk can be solved by shielding the wires from each other, further driving up the cost. Difference in propagation time will make real parallel communication impossible, data won’t be synchronous at the other end. Propagation delay could be matched by tightly controlling the wire lengths and geometries, that’s problematic for really long wires. Independent serial communication on them is easily possible though.
Furthermore it seems that as technology improves, the bandwidth of a copper pair doubles every now and then, resembling Moore’s law for silicon devices. Raw material prices usually go up. As a consequence serial communication gets cheaper and faster with time.
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