What is Arduino

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

What makes up an Arduino?

Arduinos contain a number of different parts and interfaces together on a single circuit board. The design has changed through the years, and some variations include other parts as well. But on a basic board, you’re likely to find the following pieces:

A number of pins, which are used to connect with various components you might want to use with the Arduino. These pins come in two varieties:
- Digital pins, which can read and write a single state, on or off. Most Arduinos have 14 digital I/O pins.
- Analog pins, which can read a range of values, and are useful for more fine-grained control. Most Arduinos have six of these analog pins.
These pins are arranged in a specific pattern, so that if you buy an add-on board designed to fit into them, typically called a “shield,” it should fit into most Arduino-compatible devices easily.
A power connector, which provides power to both the device itself, and provides a low voltage which can power connected components like LEDs and various sensors, provided their power needs are reasonably low. The power connector can connect to either an AC adapter or a small battery.

A microcontroller, the primary chip, which allows you to program the Arduino in order for it to be able to execute commands and make decisions based on various input. The exact chip varies depending on what type of Arduino you buy, but they are generally Atmel controllers, usually a ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, or ATmega2560. The differences between these chips are subtle, but the biggest difference a beginner will notice is the different amounts of onboard memory.

A serial connector, which on most newer boards is implemented through a standard USB port. This connector allows you to communicate to the board from your computer, as well as load new programs onto the device. Often times Arduinos can also be powered through the USB port, removing the need for a separate power connection.

A variety of other small components, like an oscillator and/or a voltage regulator, which provide important capabilities to the board, although you typically don’t interact with these directly; just know that they are there.

How can I learn Arduino programming from basic?

I'm sure that others have better methods so consider this a decent way. Watch YouTube and take one of the Intro classes to basic electronics. (Something extremely simple but will allow you to understand what a pullup and pulldown resistor is and also what some basic electronic components do) Then take some of the example courses on Arduino. Then do a project and divide it into managable parts.

My first project (Not task, but actually a project) had all sorts of sensors and actuators. Before trying to make sure that everything worked together, I made multiple small projects, each project getting a sensor or actuator working. I then put all those sketches together and got one project working. (Some sketches were amazingly easy and some were rediculously hard so dividing them to a smaller projects made it much easier)

Thanks UTSOURCE.net to offer electronic components for my projects

What are the different types of Arduinos?

These are Arduino boards developed by the Arduino Company.

Arduino Nano
Arduino Uno
Arduino Due
Arduino Mega 2560
Arduino Mega
Lilly pad Arduino Simple
Lilly Pad Arduino Main Board
Arduino Pro
Arduino Ethernet
Arduino Yún
Arduino Zero
Arduino Pro Mini
Arduino Micro
Arduino Leonardo
Arduino Esplora
Arduino M0 Pro
Arduino Duemilanove
Arduino Fio
Arduino 101
Arduino Ethernet
Arduino Diecimila
Arduino BT
Arduino MKR Zero
Arduino MKR 1000
Arduino Uno WiFi
Arduino Portenta H7

some of them are....

Arduino Uno (R3)

The Uno is a huge option for your initial Arduino. It consists of 14-digital I/O pins, where 6-pins can be used as PWM(pulse width modulation

outputs), 6-analog inputs, a reset button, a power jack, a USB connection and more. It includes everything required to hold up the microcontroller; simply attach it to a PC with the help of a USB cable and give the supply to get started with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery.

Arduino Uno (R3)

LilyPad Arduino Board

The Lily Pad Arduino board is a wearable e-textile technology expanded by Leah “ Buechley”and considerately designed by “Leah and SparkFun”. Each board was imaginatively designed with huge connecting pads & a smooth back to let them to be sewn into clothing using conductive thread. This Arduino also comprises of I/O, power, and also sensor boards which are built especially for e-textiles. These are even washable!

LilyPad Arduino Board

RedBoard Arduino Board

The RedBoard Aduino board can be programmed using a Mini-B USB cable using the Arduino IDE. It will work on Windows 8 without having to modify your security

is more constant due to the USB or FTDI chip we used and also it is entirely flat on the back. Creating it is very simple to utilize in the project design. Just plug the board, select the menu option to choose an Arduino UNO and you are ready to upload the program. You can control the RedBoard over USB cable using the barrel jack.

RedBoard Arduino Board

Arduino Mega (R3) Board

The Arduino Mega is similar to the UNO’s big brother. It includes lots of digital I/O pins (from that, 14-pins can be used as PWM o/ps), 6-analog inputs, a reset button, a power jack, a USB connection and a reset button. It includes everything required to hold up the microcontroller; simply attach it to a PC with the help of a USB cable and give the supply to get started with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery.The huge number of pins make this Arduino board very helpful for designing the projects that need a bunch of digital i/ps or o/ps like lots buttons.

Arduino Mega (R3) Board

Arduino Leonardo Board

The first development board of an Arduino is the Leonardo board. This board uses one microcontroller along with the USB. That means, it can be very simple and cheap also. Because this board handles USB directly, program libraries are obtainable which let the Arduino board to follow a keyboard of the computer, mouse, etc.